THE HISTORY OF EXTRUDER SCREW DESIGN
THE HISTORY OF EXTRUDER SCREW DESIGN
BY: R. F. DRAY AND R. B. GREGORY
THIS HISTORICAL REPRESENTATION IS GENERATED FROM THE
ACTUAL PATENTS. IN TECHNOLOGY ADVANCES THAT WERE NOT
PATENTED, THE INFORMATION SHOWN WAS GIVEN BY PEOPLE WHO
WERE DIRECTLY INVOLVED AT THE TIME.
THE DESCRIPTIONS SHOWN IN THE "UNIQUE AREAS" ARE BY THE
AUTHOR, EDITED BY R. B. GREGORY, AND TAKEN FROM THE
ACTUAL PATENTS.
THE ART DESCRIBED IN THE TOP (LARGER) DRAWINGS IS BEST
DESCRIBED AS "BASIC". THAT IS, UNIQUE WITH NO PRECEDENT AND
CANNOT BE DESCRIBED AS AN IMPROVEMENT. THE LOWER PATENTS
CAN BE DESCRIBED AS "IMPROVEMENT PATENTS" AND ARE LINKED
TO THE PRIOR ART. ANY INACCURACIES OR OMISSIONS THAT ARE
OBSERVED, IF PRESENTED TO THE AUTHOR, WILL BE CHECKED AND, IF
VALIDATED, EITHER CORRECTED OR INSERTED AS APPLICABLE IN THE
NEXT SHOWING OR PUBLICATION. THE INTENT IS TO PROVIDE THE
GREATEST ACCURACY POSSIBLE. ANY PERTINENT INFORMATION WILL
BE WELCOMED.
1928 - 1932
BASIC PATENT
NEW ADVANCES
1.) FIRST PLASTICS EXTRUDED {MELT INPUT}
2.) L/D RATIOS 4:1 & 8:1
NEW MATERIALS PROCESSED
1.) CELLULOSE
2.) PVC
VARIABLE LEAD RUBBER DESIGN
Inventer Unknown
1945 - 1950
BASIC PATENT
NEW ADVANCES
1.) 16:1 L/D
2.) TORPEDO DESIGN
3.) DULMAGE PATENT
4.) FIRST BLOWN FILM LPDE RATE 3 1/2 - 16:1 L/D - 75 PPH
NEW MATERIALS PROCESSED
1.) LDPE
TORPEDO DESIGN
Inventer W. A. MAGERKURTH FILED 02/21/1941 PATENTED 09/10/1946
ASSIGNED TO DOW CHEMICAL CO. PATENT# 2,407,503
UNIQUE AREAS FLIGHTED TORPEDO AREA AT DISCHARGE END.
USED FOR PROCESSING CELLULOSE AND CELLULOSE ACETATE BUTYRATE
DULMAGE MIXING TORPEDO DESIGN
Inventer F.E. DULAGE FILED 02/26/1945 PATENTED 11/02/1948
ASSIGNED TO DOW CHEMICAL CO. PATENT# 2,453,088
UNIQUE AREAS FIRST DISTRIBUTIVE MIXER TO UTILIZE ELONGATED LEADS FOR MULITIPLE PITCH.
MAINLY USED FOR PROCESSING STYRENE, MANY ARE STILL IN USE.
1950 - 1955
BASIC PATENT
NEW ADVANCES
1.) 20:1 L/D
2.) SQUARE PITCH DESIGN
3.) VENTING
4.)TWO STAGE DESIGH
5.) BLISTERS FIRST DISPERSIVE MIXER
6.) LPDE BLOWN FILM RATE 3 1/2 - 20:1 L/D - 150 PPH
NEW MATERIALS PROCESSED
1.) ACRYLIC
2.) SARAN
SQUARE PITCH SINGLE STAGE DESIGN
PRIMARY DEVELOPER P. SQUIRES
UNIQUE AREAS FIRST SQUARE PITCH DESIGN (LEAD=DIAMETER) PREVIOUS AREA AT DISCHARGE END.
USED FOR PROCESSING CELLULOSE AND CELLULOSE ACETATE BUTYRATE
VENTED EXTRUSION
Inventer F.E. DULAGE FILED 02/26/1945 PATENTED 11/02/1948
ASSIGNED TO DOW CHEMICAL CO. PATENT# 2,453,088
UNIQUE AREAS FIRST DISTRIBUTIVE MIXER TO UTILIZE ELONGATED LEADS FOR MULITIPLE PITCH.
MAINLY USED FOR PROCESSING STYRENE, MANY ARE STILL IN USE.
SQUARE PITCH TWO STAGE DESIGN
Inventer F.E. DULAGE FILED 02/26/1945 PATENTED 11/02/1948
ASSIGNED TO DOW CHEMICAL CO. PATENT# 2,453,088
UNIQUE AREAS FIRST DISTRIBUTIVE MIXER TO UTILIZE ELONGATED LEADS FOR MULITIPLE PITCH.
MAINLY USED FOR PROCESSING STYRENE, MANY ARE STILL IN USE.
1960 - 1965
BASIC PATENT
NEW ADVANCES
1.) L/D RATIOS 28:1, 32:1, 36:1
2.) MAILLEFER LONG BARRIER
3.) QLT
4.) DOUBLE VENTING
5.) LPDE BLOWN FILM RATE 350 PPH
MAILLEFER LONG BARRIER
INVENTOR: C.E. MAILLEFER , S. A. FILED 12/20/1960 PATENTED 12/19/1967
ASSIGNED TO: MAILLEFER , S. A. PATENT # 3,358327
SWISS APPLICATION 82,535/59 APPLIED SWITZERLAND: 12/03/1959
UNIQUE AREAS FIRST SEPRATION DEVICE. AN INCREASED CLEARANCE FLIGHT IS INITIATED ON
THE DOWNSTREAM SIDE OF THE PRIMATY FLIGHT WITH THE LEAD LONGER THAN THE PRIMARY FLIGHT LEAD
AFTER A NUMBER OF TURNS THE "BARRIER FLIGHT" WILL INTERSECT THE UPSTREAM SIDE OF THE PRIMARY
FLIGHT THE BARRIER THAT IS CONSTRUCTED RESTRAINS THE SOLIDS ON THE DOWNSTREAM SIDE OF THE
"BARRIER FLIGHT " IN THE PRIMARY CHANNEL AND AS MELTING PROGRESSES, THE MELT IS CARRIED DOWNSTREAM
IN THE AUXILIARY CHANNEL BY THE PRIMARY FLIGHT. ARE PITCH DESIGN (LEAD=DIAMETER) PREVIOUS AREA AT DISCHARGE
END.
QLT (QUALITY LOW TEMP.) DESIGN
Inventer R.B. GREGORY FILED 01/29/1964 PATENTED 01/31/1967
ASSIGNED TO N.R.M. CORP. PATENT# 3,300,810
UNIQUE AREAS FIRST DISTRIBUTIVE MIXER TO UTILIZE A REVERSE HELIX TO IMPEDE FLOW AND DYNAMICALLY MIX MATERIALS.
GEYER LONG BARRIER
Inventer P. GEYER FILED 04/02/1961 PATENTED 04/02/1966
ASSIGNED TO UNIROYAL. INC. PATENT# 3,375,549
1965 - 1970
BASIC PATENT
NEW ADVANCES
1.) GREGORY MIXER
GREGORY MIXER
INVENTOR: R.B. GREGORY. FILED 04/12/1966 PATENTED11/19/1968
ASSIGNED TO: FRANK W. EGAN &* CO. PATENT # 3,411.179
UNIQUE AREAS FIRST DESPERSIVE MIXER TO UTILIZE A BARRIER IN A MIXING SECTION TO APPLY HIGHER
SHEAR STRESS TO THE HIGER VISCOSITY COMPONENTS AND A LOWER SHEAR STRESS TO THE LOWER VISCOSITY COMPONENTS.
THIS IS ACCOMPLISHED BY AN INLET GROOVE THAT IS PRESURIZED AND FORCES THE MATERIAL THROUGH A NARROW ORFICE
INTO AN EXIT GROOVE.
LEROY (UCC) MIXER
INVENTOR: G. LEROY. FILED 03/24/1967 PATENTED12/30/1969
ASSIGNED TO: UNIION CARBIDE CORP.. PATENT # 3,486,192
NOTES: THIS WAS THE UNION CARBIDE VERSION OF THE GREGORY MIXORY. THE ONLY FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCE IS THE FLUTES ARE
STRAIGHT RATHER THAN HELICAL.THIS DESIGN IS SOMETIMES KNOWN AS THE "MADDOCK MIXER", AS B. MADDOCK DEVELOPED THIS DESIGN AT UNION CARBIDE.
1970 - 1975
BASIC PATENT
NEW ADVANCES
1.) EFFICIENT SCREW
2.)"W" MIXER
EFFICIENT SCREW DESIGN
INVENTOR: R. F. DRAY. FILED 05/05/1970 PATENTED03/21/1972
ASSIGNED TO: FEED SCREWS, INC. & OWENS-BROCKWAY, INC. PATENT # 3,650,652
UNIQUE AREAS LEAD CHANGED AT END OF FEED SEDCTION TO A LONGER LEAD WITH AUXILLARY CHANNEL
BEING FORMED BY INCREASED LEAD. SOLID BED STAYED INTACT AS NORMAL WIDTH OF CHANNEL STAYED THE SAME.
AUXILLARY CHANNEL IS USED ONLY TO MAINTAIN CONTINUITY IN THE MELT FILM, NOT AS A MELT SEPERATION DEVICE.
"W" MIXER DESIGN
INVENTOR: R. F. DRAY. FILED 09/15/1972 PATENTED01/29/1974
ASSIGNED TO: FEED SCREWS, INC. PATENT # 3,788,612
UNIQUE AREAS FIRST DESPERSIVE/DISTRIBUTIVE MIXER TO UTILIZE BI-BIRECTIONAL FLOW TO AID IN
DISTRIBUTIVE MIXING AND SELF-CLEANING, FIRST MIXER TO UTILIZE CHANNEL, NARROWING BY TAPERING THE CHANNEL
DEPTH WITH A BALL END MILL.
DSB2
INVENTOR: N. C. WHEELER FILED 08/27/1980 PATENTED07/27/1982
ASSIGNED TO: NOT ASSIGNED. PATENT # 4,341,474
NOTE: THIS IMPROVEMENT PATENT ATTEMPTS TO JOIN THE MAILLEFER AND DRAY TECHNOLOGIES
THE FORMATION OF THE AUXILIARY CHANEL IS THE SAME AS DRAY, THE INCREASED LEAD
OF THE BARRIER FLIGHT IS SIMILAR TO MAILLEFER. tHE ONLY DIFFERENCE FROM MAILLEFER
IS THE SECONDARY AUXILIARY KEAD FOR CLOSING OFF THE PRIMARY CHANNEL. iT IS INTERESTING TO NOTE THAT THIS
PATENT WAS NEVER ASSIGNED TO DAVIS STD AS WHEELER WAS AN EMPLOYEE OF DAVIS STD
1970 - 1975
BASIC PATENT
NEW ADVANCES
1.) SCHIPPERS
SCHIPPERS DESIGN
INVENTOR: H. SCHIPPERS FILED 04/07/1971 PATENTED10/31/1972
ASSIGNED TO: BARMAC BARMAC MACHINE NFA BRICK. PATENT # 3,751,512
UNIQUE AREAS THIS PATENT SHOULD HAVE BEEN THREE SEPERATE PATENTS AS THREE ARE THREE UNIQUE FEATURES.
1.) MELT SEPERATION DESIGN. IN THIS VERSION THE PROMATY CHANNEL SHALLOWS AS THE AUXILIARY
CHANNEL, DEEPENS, THE BARRIER CLEARANCE IS APPROXIMATELY TWICE THE SCREW TO BARREL CLEARANCE
2.)`DISPERSIVE/DISTRIBUTIVE MIXER DESIGN IN THIS VERSION THE FLIGHT DEPTH IN THE PRIMARY CHANNEL IS
CONTINUOUSLY VARYING FROM MINIMUN TO MAXIMUN AS THE AUXILIARY CHANNEL IS VARYING FROM MAXIMUN TO MINIMUN VALUES.
THIS ENCOURAGES THE MATERIAL TO CROSS THE BARRIER IN BOTH UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM DIRECTIONS REPEATEDLY.
3.) DISTRIBUTIVE MIXER DESIGN. TRANSPOSTION OF PRIMARY FLIGHT TO AUXILIARY FLIGHT TO FACILITATE MATERIAL MOVEMENT
FROM PRIMARY TO AUXILARY FLIGHT. THE CLEARANCE ( FOR EXAMPLE) OF THE PRIMARY FLIGHT WHILE DECREASING FLIGHT ARE TRANSFERED
TO THE AUXILIARY FLIGHT. THE FORWARDING OR PUSHING CAPABILITIES OF THE PRIMARY FLIGHT ARE TRANSFERRED TO THE AUXILARY FLIGHT
THE MATERIAL IN THE PRIMARY CHANNEL CO-MINGLES WITH THE MATERIAL IN THE AUXILARY FLIGHT.
1980 - 1985
BASIC PATENT
NEW ADVANCES
1.) TRIANGLE MIXER
TRIANGLE MIXER DESIGN
INVENTOR: R. F. DRAY FILED 06/28/1982 PATENTED04/24/1984
ASSIGNED TO: NOT ASSIGNED. PATENT # 4,444,507
UNIQUE AREAS THE FIRST DISTRIBUTIVE MIXER THAT DIVERTED FLOW FROM THE TRAILING SIDE OF
THE FLIGHTS TO A GROOVE, MAINTAINING CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF PRECEDING CHANNEL THROUGHOUT THE DEVICE.
1985 - 1990
BASIC PATENT
NEW ADVANCES
1.) CONCEPT DESIGN
2.) REVERSE FLOW MIXER
3.) ADJUSTABLE DAM
CONCEPT DESIGN
Inventer R. F. DRAY FILED 02/05/1988 PATENTED 01/30/1990
ASSIGNED TO NOT ASSIGNED PATENT# 4,896,969
UNIQUE AREAS FIRST TO ESTABLISH THE MELT FILN IN THE AUXILIARY CHANNEL INDEPENDENT OF THE PRIMARY CHANNEL.
REVERSE FLOW MIXER
Inventer R. F. DRAY FILED 09/16/1987 PATENTED 06/27/1989
ASSIGNED TO NOT ASSIGNED PATENT# 4,824,414
UNIQUE AREAS FIRST DESIGN TO UTILIZE REVERSE FLOW TO IMPROVE HEAT TRANSFER.
ADJUSTABLE DAM DESIGN
Inventer R. F. DRAY FILED 02/17/1987 PATENTED 02/09/1988
ASSIGNED TO NOT ASSIGNED PATENT# 4,723,847
UNIQUE AREAS FIRST DESIGN TO INTERNALLY ADJUST PRESSURE THROUGH A MOVABLE RESTRICTOR IN THE SCREW CHANNEL.
1995 - 2000
BASIC PATENT
NEW ADVANCES
1.) INTERRUPTING LEADS FOR MIXING
2.) REVERSE FLOW MIXER
3.) ADJUSTABLE DAM
CONCEPT DESIGN
Inventer R. F. DRAY FILED 02/05/1988 PATENTED 01/30/1990
ASSIGNED TO NOT ASSIGNED PATENT# 4,896,969
UNIQUE AREAS FIRST TO ESTABLISH THE MELT FILN IN THE AUXILIARY CHANNEL INDEPENDENT OF THE PRIMARY CHANNEL
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